You're bound to have a few complaints about how your boss acts, but is there one correct way to manage people? According to a new study, the effectiveness of your boss might have as much to do with your own personality as his or hers. Friendly employees do not work well for angry bosses. However, angry people with a less-than-friendly disposition actually thrive under stricter form of management.
Experimenters recruited 144 people whose personalities were analyzed to determine whether they were friendly or unfriendly. All subjects were then put in work scenarios with bosses of varying personality types. The people that weren't friendly didn't care that their bosses were mean. Not only did these employees not mind the yelling and conflict, they actually performed better at tasks. Meanwhile, friendly people shrivel and underperform if their boss in angry, and they actually perceive their workload to be higher.
That's right, friendly people had a skewed perception of their workload under harsh management, because the volatile interpersonal atmosphere was so stressful for them.
Although most people probably think they want a nice boss, this approach doesn't appear to get the job done. This study affirms the idea that an effective boss needs to be a leader, not a friend. Of course, that's not to say that a boss needs to adopt the persona of a dictator either. If you like stressful environments and don't mind being yelled at, you may perform better under the leadership of a Type A fanatical boss. If you can't help but be kind, you'd probably prefer a levelheaded but distant boss.
Knowing which management style you can handle will make you not only a more successful employee, but also a happier one.
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Summary
In today's world where performance is the key to efficiency, an analysis of what could motivate teamwork could be critical. Recently, studies were conducted in the Netherlands to estimate the impact of angry leaders, as opposed to neutral and happy leaders, on teams consisting of members with low and high levels of agreeableness or friendliness. The "friendliness" factor played a major role in deciding the effectiveness of the leader and the perceived workload, and ultimately it catalyzed team performance. Apart from contributing to efficient working models, this study also helps in channelizing social behavior through emotional display.
Introduction
Social interactions and performance can be influenced by emotional expressions, especially arising from leaders. The current study was carried out to see if team leaders were more effective if they were "angry" by nature or "neutral/happy." Nonetheless, the researchers feel that differences in a follower's personality, specifically his/her levels of friendliness, should be included in such an analysis. They hypothesize that followers who do not mind conflicts would not mind an angry leader, while those who are friendlier are likely to expect similar positive behavior from their leaders. According to the study authors, the findings explain “how emotional expressions regulate social behavior."
Methodology
In a preliminary test, participants were given two scenarios to imagine: (a) a team leader discussing team performance with an angry expression and (b) a team leader discussing the same with a neutral expression. Later, the participants' opinions regarding the efficiency of the leader and their motivation to perform were noted.
- In the main study, 144 students were randomly assigned to teams led by 'angry' or 'happy' leaders and the individual friendliness of the students was evaluated via a questionnaire. They were then presented with a fictional task of protecting airspace from enemies. Videos of a leader giving instructions in 'angry' or 'happy' moods were shown.
Results
- In the preliminary study, it was seen that the friendlier participants were better motivated by the 'neutral' leaders while those with less friendly dispositions reacted favorably to the 'angry' leaders.
Shortcomings/Next steps
The complexity of the assigned task could directly translate into workload felt in the 'angry leader' situation and could be kept simple to avoid error. It remains to be understood whether any other traits or variations in values or beliefs or cultural diversity could have a bearing on emotional expressions.
Conclusion
The relevance of the subjects' personality in understanding the repercussions of a leader's emotional expressions has been proven beyond doubt in this study. This finding could be extrapolated to numerous other spheres of life, for example interpersonal relationships, sport teams, parent-child relations, conflict resolution, crises handling and more.
Customizing emotional expressions could greatly help partners improve relationships. Similarly, leaders who are able to tune their emotional articulations to suit their aides would enjoy pleasant and rewarding results in terms of performance and satisfaction. Also, potential leaders could be trained to utilize their emotional skills to regulate social outcomes and enhance efficacy.
For More Information:
Publication Journal: Psychological Science, October 2010
By Gerben A. Van Kleef; Astrid C. Homan
From the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and VU University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
*FYI Living Lab Reports Are Summaries of the Original Research.